Rticipate in numerous crucial cellular processes, such as calcium homeostasis, apoptosis and aging (11?3). In recent years, the mitochondria and mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAM) have also emerged as fundamental hubs for innate antiviral immunity. Several important antiviral immunerelated proteins, such as VISA (also referred to as MAVS/ CARDIF/IPS-1) and MITA (also referred to as STING), h