Future studies could employ mice transgenic for human proteins of interest. Inbred mice that are transgenic for human carcinoembryonic antigenrelated cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) and CD46, receptors that are implicated in gonorrheal pathogenesis (Merz and So, 2000), have already been developed (Johansson et al., 2003; Gu et al., 2010), with additional mouse strains likely to be produced i