Particles mixed withFigure 8. Proposed model of MBL-mediated macropinocytosis of EBOV. MBL carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) bind to highly glycosylated mucin-rich regions of EBOV GP and the MBL-virion complex is presented to the cell surface. Then MBL binds to cognate cellular receptors, such as C1QBP or calreticulin [6] via MBL collagenous stalks. In this manner, MBL concentrates virus at t
To certain infections: 26 (n = 22) of Finnish patients with recurrent respiratory infections vs.14 (n = 10) of healthy controls (p = 0.048) had C4A deficiency. Not unexpectedly, 50 of the patients with C4A deficiency had MBL concentrations .1.5 mg/ml, the mean human MBL serum concentration but notably, more than one-third had very high MBL levels (.4 mg/ ml). Further clinical studies are requir
Is reduced [8]. By contrast, newly emerging urine tests for LAM may enhance diagnostic algorithms by offering additional diagnostic yield for HIV-associated TB [2,9?1]. Urinary LAM detection offers the benefit of evaluating non-respiratory samples and has additive value when combined with sputum smear microscopy in HIV-infected individuals with signs/symptoms of TB [2,9,10,12]. In HIV-positive adu
Is reduced [8]. By contrast, newly emerging urine tests for LAM may enhance diagnostic algorithms by offering additional diagnostic yield for HIV-associated TB [2,9?1]. Urinary LAM detection offers the benefit of evaluating non-respiratory samples and has additive value when combined with sputum smear microscopy in HIV-infected individuals with signs/symptoms of TB [2,9,10,12]. In HIV-positive adu
Is in HIV-infected individuals with signs/symptoms of TB include the Xpert MTB/Rif (`Xpert,' Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA) and the urinary tests for lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen detection. Xpert is an automated molecular assay for detection of TB and rifampin resistance from sputum samples, provides results in approximately 2? h, and is currently WHO endorsed for rapid TB diagnosis. Alte