To place desirable amino acids inside the barrel domain (Figure 5a), (ii) placement of ring-shaped molecular adaptors, such as cyclodextrins, inside the -barrel (Figure 5b), and (iii) covalent attachment of a ligandterminated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer chain into the lumen of the pore (Figure 5c). Using genetically engineered -hemolysin pores, Bayley's group developed sensors for the det