Lcer AE occurrence, this finding was not confirmed by ulcers identified on clinical examination and should be replicated in settings where ulcer etiology can be confirmed.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DVG VM JRL KHM AYL OMH MC BH RMG. Performed the experiments: VM JRL KHM AYL OMH MC BH RMG. Analyzed the data: JLM DVG. Wrote the paper: JLM.Mbonu et al. BMC Public