Es obtained with the LTR-specific primers represent a sum of transcripts originating from the host promoter and of viral transcripts, which also contain LTR sequence at their 3' ends. Therefore, the measured ratio corresponds to the equation a+b/b, where `a' is the number of host-viral chimeric transcripts and `b' the number of viral transcripts (see Supplemental text 2). First, we determined this
Tream of the 5'LTR Existence of the host-viral chimeric transcripts that originate from a host promoter and include 5'LTR could be useful for identifying ongoing transcription upstream of the 5'LTR independently of the site of viral integration. Therefore, we next devised an assay, which determines the ratio between transcripts containing LTR sequences and those containing sequences present solely
Ly 20 activation of viral transcription (see Figure 7) already precludes detection of the upstream transcription. This finding is not surprising, as we demonstrated that there is 11-fold or 38-fold more viral mRNA than *mRNA in TNF- treated cells (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). Predictably, our control experiments demonstrate that the ratio between the Rev- and Env-containing transcripts was 1 in untr
Ly 20 activation of viral transcription (see Figure 7) already precludes detection of the upstream transcription. This finding is not surprising, as we demonstrated that there is 11-fold or 38-fold more viral mRNA than *mRNA in TNF- treated cells (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). Predictably, our control experiments demonstrate that the ratio between the Rev- and Env-containing transcripts was 1 in untr
The prioritization of health interventions [22]. The trade-offs between efficiency and equity are among these criteria, and have long been emphasized in the field of HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention [23,24]. Several mathematical frameworks, including mathematical programming, have been proposed to incorporate equity considerations into resource allocation in the public sector [25-29]. Several of
The prioritization of health interventions [22]. The trade-offs between efficiency and equity are among these criteria, and have long been emphasized in the field of HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention [23,24]. Several mathematical frameworks, including mathematical programming, have been proposed to incorporate equity considerations into resource allocation in the public sector [25-29]. Several of
And 2). In contrast, this ratio became reversed upon partial activation of viral transcription with TNF-. The ratios between the viral mRNA and *mRNA were 38- and 11-fold in J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4, respectively (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). Using RT-DqPCR we further assessed levels of *mRNA relative to those of full-length mRNA (Figure S2). Interestingly, levels of PP5 *mRNA were 10-times lower compared
And 2). In contrast, this ratio became reversed upon partial activation of viral transcription with TNF-. The ratios between the viral mRNA and *mRNA were 38- and 11-fold in J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4, respectively (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). Using RT-DqPCR we further assessed levels of *mRNA relative to those of full-length mRNA (Figure S2). Interestingly, levels of PP5 *mRNA were 10-times lower compared