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Ns dormant. In contrast, we demonstrated that TI could be counteracted by specific inhibition of the upstream transcription or by cooperative activation of transcription initiation and elongation from the 5'LTR by the viral and host TFs. In the latter scenario, we envision that RNAPII initiating from the viral promoter competes successfully with the RNAPII that is elongating through the 5'LTR. Bec
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Vels of viral particles, we speculate that average levels of host-viral chimeric transcripts in these cells exceed those in the two J-Lat cell lines. These results thus suggest that TI plays a key role in primary CD4+ T cells. In J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4 cells, the host-viral chimeric transcripts terminated at the pA site in the 5'LTR, but transcripts initiating at the host promoter and terminating at t
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And from cells expressing Tat protein, 48 h after electroporation. qPCR was performed in the presence of SyBr Green (Sigma). Primer sequences and positions are in Table S1. Construction of stably transfected cell lines LMP vectors (Open Biosystems) expressing two microRNA-adapted shRNAs (shRNAmir) against the ER and a control shRNAmir (Table S1) were transfected into Phoenix cells with FuGENE6 rea
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Y i is given by:Verguet Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2013, 11:1 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/11/1/Page 3 ofTable 1 Cost parameters for the male circumcision interventionIntervention Initial investment per circumcision facility CF Initial training per circumciser CT Salary of each circumciser CC Salary of health care workers/counselors per circumciser Cost of supplies pe
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Ns dormant. In contrast, we demonstrated that TI could be counteracted by specific inhibition of the upstream transcription or by cooperative activation of transcription initiation and elongation from the 5'LTR by the viral and host TFs. In the latter scenario, we envision that RNAPII initiating from the viral promoter competes successfully with the RNAPII that is elongating through the 5'LTR. Bec
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G resistance among children who received long-term ART in rural Tanzania. Results for children were markedly poorer than for adults attending the same clinic. Improved treatment strategies for children, such as access to a variety of fixed-dose combination tablets for all age groups, should be prioritized in the global efforts to scale-up ART in resource-limited settings.AcknowledgementsWe are ind
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Ed cells. Furthermore, TNF- stimulation led to the appearance of Sp1 and initiating RNAPII on the 5'LTR and additional enrichments of initiating and elongating RNAPII on the 3'LTR. These effects are most likely achieved through the activation of NF-B, which stimulates several steps of viral transcription including the PIC formation, transcription initiation and transcription elongation. Thus, our
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Ed cells. Furthermore, TNF- stimulation led to the appearance of Sp1 and initiating RNAPII on the 5'LTR and additional enrichments of initiating and elongating RNAPII on the 3'LTR. These effects are most likely achieved through the activation of NF-B, which stimulates several steps of viral transcription including the PIC formation, transcription initiation and transcription elongation. Thus, our