Es would most likely not have been affected. The measures of immune activation were not assessed at enrollment into the study cohort, and we therefore cannot make temporal inferences of a causal nature nor could we control for them in the multivariable Cox models. We used prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) to estimate the associations of interest as risk was our parameter of interest. We chose PRRs as
Nt populations [6,7]. Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) provide a potential framework for DAART because patients visit multiple times each week to receive opioid agonist medication. Moreover, maintenance treatment at OTPs permits prolonged DAART, which is difficult in models based on outreach workers. Based on promisingDirectly Administered Therapy for HIVFigure 1. Study screening, enrollment, and
Nt populations [6,7]. Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) provide a potential framework for DAART because patients visit multiple times each week to receive opioid agonist medication. Moreover, maintenance treatment at OTPs permits prolonged DAART, which is difficult in models based on outreach workers. Based on promisingDirectly Administered Therapy for HIVFigure 1. Study screening, enrollment, and
Espite successful HCV eradication. Other complications such as development of carcinoma may be more readily amenable to more rapid risk reduction with antiviral therapy. Further studies with long periods of follow-up will be needed to address these questions. Our study has several limitations. Not all patients had measures of immune activation documented in their study records and were therefore e
A and adjusting for differences based on sex, we no longer see this correlation. In addition, in this study, HCV coinfection is not associated with loss of elite controller status. Taken together, this suggests that HCV coinfection does not directly affect HIV replication dynamics or natural history, but that it may act synergistically with HIV to produce a greater number of associated complicatio
A and adjusting for differences based on sex, we no longer see this correlation. In addition, in this study, HCV coinfection is not associated with loss of elite controller status. Taken together, this suggests that HCV coinfection does not directly affect HIV replication dynamics or natural history, but that it may act synergistically with HIV to produce a greater number of associated complicatio
Studies evaluatingOns to the statistical methods used in this study.Studies evaluating the efficacy of directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals have yielded mixed results. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials by Ford and colleagues found no evidence overall for DAART benefit [1]. However, both the Ford anal
D a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of DAART in OTPs.for this trial and supporting CONSORT checklist are available as supporting information; see Checklist S1 and Protocol S1.Methods Design and Follow-upWe conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing 12 months of DAART to self-administered therapy (SAT) in five Baltimore OTPs - 3 hospital associated (1 Veterans Administration) and 2