The prioritization of health interventions [22]. The trade-offs between efficiency and equity are among these criteria, and have long been emphasized in the field of HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention [23,24]. Several mathematical frameworks, including mathematical programming, have been proposed to incorporate equity considerations into resource allocation in the public sector [25-29]. Several of
Es obtained with the LTR-specific primers represent a sum of transcripts originating from the host promoter and of viral transcripts, which also contain LTR sequence at their 3' ends. Therefore, the measured ratio corresponds to the equation a+b/b, where `a' is the number of host-viral chimeric transcripts and `b' the number of viral transcripts (see Supplemental text 2). First, we determined this
The Robertson Foundation and HHMI.Nature. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 November 29.The plasma concentrations of the infused 10-1074 and VRC01-LS were measured longitudinally in the indicated animals.VRC01-LS conc (g/ml)DFXT14.12.12.11.10.9.9.7.6.5.5.4.3.2.1.33 0.10 23.0 0.9.8.8.7.6.4.4.4.2.1.1.1.Wks14.14.15.15.16.16.17.17.18.18.19.19.20.20.DFDP4.3.1.1.1.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.26.3 0.3.1.1.0.03P
Ince Eastern Cape Northern Cape Western Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Male adult population* 1,294,014 214,101 1,079,799 725,409 2,338,685 1,994,776 986,827 708,304 882,147 Adult HIV prevalence ( ) 15.2 9.0 5.3 18.5 15.2 25.8 13.7 23.1 17.7 Condom use ( ) 70.0 52.6 49.0 64.8 57.6 66.2 68.0 70.2 62.0 Adult men** circumcised ( ) 43.8 34.1 67.5 70.7 25.2 26.8 47.
Tiful in genes and they are recognized by the spliceosome when there is no stronger splice site downstream of them, such aberrant splicing probably takes place in many cases of integration of the viral genome. On one hand, these transcripts reflected active transcription upstream of the provirus in both J-Lat cell lines. On the other hand, LTR sequence in the transcripts enabled us to use them as
Ranscription units (Han et al., 2004; Lewinski et al., 2005). In the present work, we extended this knowledge by a detailed analysis of how TI impacts viral transcription in latent cells. Although TI occurs regardless of the orientation of the two promoters, we studied TI phenomenon in two J-Lat cell lines with the same orientation of the host and viral promoters, which allowed us to detect and an
D only the 5'LTR (10-foldNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptCell Host Microbe. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 03.Lenasi et al.Pageenrichment; Figure 5D, bars 3 and 7). Furthermore, at the 5'LTR these levels were increased minimally upon TNF- stimulation. However, the stimulation led to a dramatic (52-fold) enrichment of PS2-RNAPII at the 3'
Lation than the 5'LTR, suggesting that the latter LTR is much stronger subjected to TI. Even if there is transcription from host gene `reading through' both LTRs in some latent cells, this does not diminish the impact of TI on the 5'LTR.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptCell Host Microbe. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 03.Lenasi et al.Page