Ributed to the expansion in access to services for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the primary route of HIV acquisition in children. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately represented in the epidemic with 69 of the global total of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2012). An estimated 90 of the world's children living with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. At the end of 2011, 54 of
Ributed to the expansion in access to services for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the primary route of HIV acquisition in children. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately represented in the epidemic with 69 of the global total of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2012). An estimated 90 of the world's children living with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. At the end of 2011, 54 of
Ons (mannanbinding activity) and MBL C4 cleavage activity in sera from 35 healthy adult volunteers of Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic or AfricanAmerican ancestry (females, n = 20). The sample had a 3.7 log10 range of MBL concentrations (0?,424 ng/mL) that were strongly correlated with the concordant MBL C4 cleavage values (0?7,468 U/mL; r2 = 0.91). The sample included three individuals with homozygous
Ge activity .500 U/mL (13/21 vs 1/ 14, p,0.005) compared with MBL2 O/O or O/A haplotypes (O refers to B,C or D alleles). (EPS) Figure S3 Endoglycosidases cleave N-linked glycans in HIV-EBOV GP. We preincubated HIV-EBOZ GP virion-like particles (12,000 pg/ml) with PNGase F or endo H (10,000 U/ml each) diluted in DMEM or with DMEM alone for 1 hour at 37uC. Viruses then underwent gel electrophoresis;
Ge activity .500 U/mL (13/21 vs 1/ 14, p,0.005) compared with MBL2 O/O or O/A haplotypes (O refers to B,C or D alleles). (EPS) Figure S3 Endoglycosidases cleave N-linked glycans in HIV-EBOV GP. We preincubated HIV-EBOZ GP virion-like particles (12,000 pg/ml) with PNGase F or endo H (10,000 U/ml each) diluted in DMEM or with DMEM alone for 1 hour at 37uC. Viruses then underwent gel electrophoresis;
Particles mixed withFigure 8. Proposed model of MBL-mediated macropinocytosis of EBOV. MBL carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) bind to highly glycosylated mucin-rich regions of EBOV GP and the MBL-virion complex is presented to the cell surface. Then MBL binds to cognate cellular receptors, such as C1QBP or calreticulin [6] via MBL collagenous stalks. In this manner, MBL concentrates virus at t
Particles mixed withFigure 8. Proposed model of MBL-mediated macropinocytosis of EBOV. MBL carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) bind to highly glycosylated mucin-rich regions of EBOV GP and the MBL-virion complex is presented to the cell surface. Then MBL binds to cognate cellular receptors, such as C1QBP or calreticulin [6] via MBL collagenous stalks. In this manner, MBL concentrates virus at t
Pathways such as macropinocytosis which is the canonical pathway for EBOV entry. Our data indicate that MBL also mediates internalization of virus via macropinocytosis but suggests that MBL-mediated uptake preferentially utilizes microtubules compared with the canonical EBOV pathway which is dependent on both microtubules and actin. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060838.gcirculating C4 [88], we specula