Ons between HIV-EBOV-GP and host attachment factors may be artificial. However, we showed a similar phenomenon with wild type-like EBOV and other glycosylated viruses. Furthermore, it has been shown that all the GPs of all the Ebolaviruses (EBOV and relatives) contain high-mannose and hybrid N-linked glycans independent of the cell line used for viral propagation [64]. Another limitation of our st
City to activate complement [101]. The frequency of deficient or non-functional MASP-2 ranges from 2 to 19 in different populations with the highest values in Africans [102]. We speculate that relative MBL excess in the setting of relatively low C4 levels or deficient MASP-2 may lead to MBL-mediated enhanced viral infections in clinical settings. Thus, we propose that MBL, C4 and MASP-2, among o
Ributed to the expansion in access to services for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the primary route of HIV acquisition in children. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately represented in the epidemic with 69 of the global total of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2012). An estimated 90 of the world's children living with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. At the end of 2011, 54 of
Ge activity .500 U/mL (13/21 vs 1/ 14, p,0.005) compared with MBL2 O/O or O/A haplotypes (O refers to B,C or D alleles). (EPS) Figure S3 Endoglycosidases cleave N-linked glycans in HIV-EBOV GP. We preincubated HIV-EBOZ GP virion-like particles (12,000 pg/ml) with PNGase F or endo H (10,000 U/ml each) diluted in DMEM or with DMEM alone for 1 hour at 37uC. Viruses then underwent gel electrophoresis;
Ge activity .500 U/mL (13/21 vs 1/ 14, p,0.005) compared with MBL2 O/O or O/A haplotypes (O refers to B,C or D alleles). (EPS) Figure S3 Endoglycosidases cleave N-linked glycans in HIV-EBOV GP. We preincubated HIV-EBOZ GP virion-like particles (12,000 pg/ml) with PNGase F or endo H (10,000 U/ml each) diluted in DMEM or with DMEM alone for 1 hour at 37uC. Viruses then underwent gel electrophoresis;
Exposed to autoradiography film. High-mannose moieties were preserved only in untreated virus confirming that PNGase F and endo H effectively cleaved high-mannose residues on GPs of HIV-EBOV virion-like particles. (EPS) Figure S4 Thermolysin treatment of HIV-EBOV GP abrogates enhancement of infection by rhMBL in a thermolysin-concentration dependent manner. We preincubated HIV-EBOV GP virion-like
In part, the evolutionary selection of MBL mutant haplotypes that encode low or intermediate MBL serum levels in the majority of humans.Supporting InformationFigure S1 RhMBL enhances HIV-EBOV GP infection in a calcium-dependent manner. We preincubated HIVEBOV-GP virion-like particles with rhMBL in 5 MBL-deficient serum and Veronal-buffered saline with or without calcium supplementation. *, ** and
In part, the evolutionary selection of MBL mutant haplotypes that encode low or intermediate MBL serum levels in the majority of humans.Supporting InformationFigure S1 RhMBL enhances HIV-EBOV GP infection in a calcium-dependent manner. We preincubated HIVEBOV-GP virion-like particles with rhMBL in 5 MBL-deficient serum and Veronal-buffered saline with or without calcium supplementation. *, ** and