Me transcription through the provirus, since slight enrichment of elongating RNAPII in the HIV coding region of transcriptionally silent J-Lat 9.2 cells was observed using ChIPqPCR assay. However, transcription originating from the host promoter, ignoring pA sites in both LTRs and consequently splicing out the provirus together with the host intron (Han et al., 2004) is most likely less frequent t
O two comparable criteria: an epidemiologic efficiency criterion and an equity criterion.Efficiency criterionWe look at the effect over a year of the MC intervention on the male population, by calculating the risk of a man Rm getting infected by his female partner. This allows us to use a static model of transmission. The model does not look at the effect on the female population as there is not y
O two comparable criteria: an epidemiologic efficiency criterion and an equity criterion.Efficiency criterionWe look at the effect over a year of the MC intervention on the male population, by calculating the risk of a man Rm getting infected by his female partner. This allows us to use a static model of transmission. The model does not look at the effect on the female population as there is not y
O two comparable criteria: an epidemiologic efficiency criterion and an equity criterion.Efficiency criterionWe look at the effect over a year of the MC intervention on the male population, by calculating the risk of a man Rm getting infected by his female partner. This allows us to use a static model of transmission. The model does not look at the effect on the female population as there is not y
F Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USAdAIDS cNationaland Cancer Virus Program,
Ormed using NorthernMax kit (Ambion) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The probes were amplified from cDNA synthesized with MMLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR products were labeled with BioNick Labelling System (Invitrogen). Stimulation of J-Lat cells and detection of activated cells by flow cytometry Tat protein was expressed from pCDNA3 vector using electroporation of 107 J
Nce it has been demonstrated that transcription from the PP5 promoter could be reduced through inhibiting estrogen receptor (ER) (Urban et al., 2001). Therefore, we established J-Lat 9.2 and control J-Lat 8.4 cell lines that stably express miRNA-adapted shRNA (shRNAmir) against the ER mRNA (J-Lat 9.2 shER and J-Lat 8.4 shER, respectively). In both J-Lat shER cell lines, the ER levels were decrease
Ed cells. Furthermore, TNF- stimulation led to the appearance of Sp1 and initiating RNAPII on the 5'LTR and additional enrichments of initiating and elongating RNAPII on the 3'LTR. These effects are most likely achieved through the activation of NF-B, which stimulates several steps of viral transcription including the PIC formation, transcription initiation and transcription elongation. Thus, our