Tream of the 5'LTR Existence of the host-viral chimeric transcripts that originate from a host promoter and include 5'LTR could be useful for identifying ongoing transcription upstream of the 5'LTR independently of the site of viral integration. Therefore, we next devised an assay, which determines the ratio between transcripts containing LTR sequences and those containing sequences present solely
Tream of the 5'LTR Existence of the host-viral chimeric transcripts that originate from a host promoter and include 5'LTR could be useful for identifying ongoing transcription upstream of the 5'LTR independently of the site of viral integration. Therefore, we next devised an assay, which determines the ratio between transcripts containing LTR sequences and those containing sequences present solely
Ly 20 activation of viral transcription (see Figure 7) already precludes detection of the upstream transcription. This finding is not surprising, as we demonstrated that there is 11-fold or 38-fold more viral mRNA than *mRNA in TNF- treated cells (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). Predictably, our control experiments demonstrate that the ratio between the Rev- and Env-containing transcripts was 1 in untr
Lation than the 5'LTR, suggesting that the latter LTR is much stronger subjected to TI. Even if there is transcription from host gene `reading through' both LTRs in some latent cells, this does not diminish the impact of TI on the 5'LTR.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptCell Host Microbe. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 03.Lenasi et al.Page
Lation than the 5'LTR, suggesting that the latter LTR is much stronger subjected to TI. Even if there is transcription from host gene `reading through' both LTRs in some latent cells, this does not diminish the impact of TI on the 5'LTR.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptCell Host Microbe. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 03.Lenasi et al.Page
Y i is given by:Verguet Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2013, 11:1 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/11/1/Page 3 ofTable 1 Cost parameters for the male circumcision interventionIntervention Initial investment per circumcision facility CF Initial training per circumciser CT Salary of each circumciser CC Salary of health care workers/counselors per circumciser Cost of supplies pe
Y i is given by:Verguet Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2013, 11:1 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/11/1/Page 3 ofTable 1 Cost parameters for the male circumcision interventionIntervention Initial investment per circumcision facility CF Initial training per circumciser CT Salary of each circumciser CC Salary of health care workers/counselors per circumciser Cost of supplies pe
S we failed to detect any Sp1 at the PP5*/ 5'LTR junction or in the coding region of the HIV genome (Figure 5B, bars 1, 2, 5 and 6). Thus, the absence of Sp1 at the 5'LTR in untreated cells is a result of TI due to the actively transcribed PP5* gene. The finding that TNF- stimulation increased the levels of Sp1 not only at the 3' but also at the 5'LTR indicates that stimulating PIC assembly on the