Nificant levels of the host-viral chimeric transcripts. Because they indicate active transcription upstream of the 5'LTR, these findings suggest that viral transcription is subjected to TI in these cells. Transcriptional interference by the actively transcribed host gene reverses viral transcription from the 5' to the 3'LTR Next, we investigated in detail how active transcription of the upstream P
Nificant levels of the host-viral chimeric transcripts. Because they indicate active transcription upstream of the 5'LTR, these findings suggest that viral transcription is subjected to TI in these cells. Transcriptional interference by the actively transcribed host gene reverses viral transcription from the 5' to the 3'LTR Next, we investigated in detail how active transcription of the upstream P
King place in latent J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4 cell lines, in which the ongoing transcription from the host gene would interfere with transcription from the 5'LTR. Consequently, due to the premature termination of *mRNA at the pA site in the 5'LTR, the 3'LTR would no longer be subjected to TI and could thus be activated. To test this hypothesis, we activated viral gene expression with Tat or TNF- and com
Es obtained with the LTR-specific primers represent a sum of transcripts originating from the host promoter and of viral transcripts, which also contain LTR sequence at their 3' ends. Therefore, the measured ratio corresponds to the equation a+b/b, where `a' is the number of host-viral chimeric transcripts and `b' the number of viral transcripts (see Supplemental text 2). First, we determined this
M the two homologous alleles is possible. Nevertheless, these results are in a good agreement with the findings obtained by Northern blotting (Figures 1B and 1D). Taken together, the *mRNAs represent the host-viral chimeric transcripts, which contain sequences of the 5'LTR and terminate at its pA signals. In addition, RT-DqPCR revealed that levels of *mRNA exceed those of viral mRNA in unstimulate
Mpared GFP expression of parental and J-Lat shER cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). As expected, no GFP-expressing cells could be detected in untreated cells (Figures 6C-6F, mock). About 20 of cells turned GFP-positive in TNF--treated J-Lat 9.2 cells (Figure 6C, TNF-). Importantly, the inhibition of PP5 transcription synergized with TNF- to increase further the number of GFP-
Severe immunodeficiency at baseline: 10 children were classified as WHO stage 4; 8 as WHO stage 3; and one as WHO stage 2. Median weight-for-age Z-score was 22.67 (range 25.66 to 20.19) and 9 of 18 had a haemoglobin level of ,10 g/dL. Only five patients had a pre-ART CD4 cell count; the median absolute CD4 cell count was 311 cells/mm3 (range 245?26 cells/mm3) and the median CD4 (CD4 cell count di
Severe immunodeficiency at baseline: 10 children were classified as WHO stage 4; 8 as WHO stage 3; and one as WHO stage 2. Median weight-for-age Z-score was 22.67 (range 25.66 to 20.19) and 9 of 18 had a haemoglobin level of ,10 g/dL. Only five patients had a pre-ART CD4 cell count; the median absolute CD4 cell count was 311 cells/mm3 (range 245?26 cells/mm3) and the median CD4 (CD4 cell count di