Ng the 58 hitherto unreported proteins, 55 had a GO annotation and could be classified according to molecular function, cellular component, and bi-ological process (Figs. 4B, 4C, 4D). The categorization process was extended to the total (94) of proteins. Most newly identified proteins were classified into categories similar to those in the total set and included binding proteins, transporters, enz
Quantified via Western blotting using an antibody against VDACs (Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly, MA). To evaluate ATP production, cells were collected either 48 or 72 h post-transfection, and ATP assays were performed using an ATP Assay Kit (EMD Biosciences, Bedford, MA). To measure the effect of VDACs during osteoclast formation, siRNA-transfected cells were replated at 1.5 103 cells per we
Quantified via Western blotting using an antibody against VDACs (Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly, MA). To evaluate ATP production, cells were collected either 48 or 72 h post-transfection, and ATP assays were performed using an ATP Assay Kit (EMD Biosciences, Bedford, MA). To measure the effect of VDACs during osteoclast formation, siRNA-transfected cells were replated at 1.5 103 cells per we
Ols (Sol) for such a protein (upper panel), whereas slow dissociation and fast association for a protein indicate a strong membrane association and big membrane pool (Mem) for such a protein (lower panel). The sizes of the pools, which reflect the relative tightness of membrane association, can be measured at the proteome scale by measuring the relative protein abundance using peptide spectral cou
Ols (Sol) for such a protein (upper panel), whereas slow dissociation and fast association for a protein indicate a strong membrane association and big membrane pool (Mem) for such a protein (lower panel). The sizes of the pools, which reflect the relative tightness of membrane association, can be measured at the proteome scale by measuring the relative protein abundance using peptide spectral cou
F ANCA antigens and dsDNA enhances the ability of NETs to induce autoantibody formation and furthers cell damage101. ANCA-induced NETs generated by C5aprimed neutrophils could lead to enhanced thrombosis and inflammation in AAV by promoting the expression of tissue factor, a protein required for coagulation94,95. NETs can also present PR3 and MPO to dendritic cells102. These dendritic cells intern
Ification and improve signal to noise ratio followed by log transformation. To convert log2 (ion intensities) to relative abundance measures we subtracted the mean log intensity values for each individual peptide. The normalization step was based on assumption that the majority of phosphopeptides do not change in one direction, and the median relative abundance should be equal between samples. Thi
Fully differentiated T84 and Caco-2 cells (326?29). Functional data suggest that Cx26-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication plays a crucial role in enhancing the barrier function of TJs in fully differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers (326). In fully differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells, Ca2 movements through opening of Cx hemichannels were detected upon S. flex-September 2013 Volume 77 Num