Es 3B and S3). We decided to use this cell line because of a smaller ratio between HIV transcripts and *mRNA in these cells compared to those in J-Lat 9.2 cells (Figure 2D, bars 3 and 4). The ratio between LTRand Rev-containing transcripts increased with the decreased levels of viral expression consistent with the rational equation (see Supplemental text 2), and revealed that the upstream transcri
Y i is given by:Verguet Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2013, 11:1 http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/11/1/Page 3 ofTable 1 Cost parameters for the male circumcision interventionIntervention Initial investment per circumcision facility CF Initial training per circumciser CT Salary of each circumciser CC Salary of health care workers/counselors per circumciser Cost of supplies pe
Es obtained with the LTR-specific primers represent a sum of transcripts originating from the host promoter and of viral transcripts, which also contain LTR sequence at their 3' ends. Therefore, the measured ratio corresponds to the equation a+b/b, where `a' is the number of host-viral chimeric transcripts and `b' the number of viral transcripts (see Supplemental text 2). First, we determined this
The prioritization of health interventions [22]. The trade-offs between efficiency and equity are among these criteria, and have long been emphasized in the field of HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention [23,24]. Several mathematical frameworks, including mathematical programming, have been proposed to incorporate equity considerations into resource allocation in the public sector [25-29]. Several of
Ormed using NorthernMax kit (Ambion) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The probes were amplified from cDNA synthesized with MMLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR products were labeled with BioNick Labelling System (Invitrogen). Stimulation of J-Lat cells and detection of activated cells by flow cytometry Tat protein was expressed from pCDNA3 vector using electroporation of 107 J
Ranscription units (Han et al., 2004; Lewinski et al., 2005). In the present work, we extended this knowledge by a detailed analysis of how TI impacts viral transcription in latent cells. Although TI occurs regardless of the orientation of the two promoters, we studied TI phenomenon in two J-Lat cell lines with the same orientation of the host and viral promoters, which allowed us to detect and an
Vels of viral particles, we speculate that average levels of host-viral chimeric transcripts in these cells exceed those in the two J-Lat cell lines. These results thus suggest that TI plays a key role in primary CD4+ T cells. In J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4 cells, the host-viral chimeric transcripts terminated at the pA site in the 5'LTR, but transcripts initiating at the host promoter and terminating at t
Vels of viral particles, we speculate that average levels of host-viral chimeric transcripts in these cells exceed those in the two J-Lat cell lines. These results thus suggest that TI plays a key role in primary CD4+ T cells. In J-Lat 9.2 and 15.4 cells, the host-viral chimeric transcripts terminated at the pA site in the 5'LTR, but transcripts initiating at the host promoter and terminating at t