In Gc pathogenesis remain to be examined. The gonococcal -2,3-sialyltransferase Lst transfers sialyl groups from host-derived CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal galactose residue on the oligosaccharide of LOS (Gilbert et al., 1996). Sialylation contributes to Gc resistance to normal human serum as well as PMN-derived oxygen-independent antimicrobial factors (Shafer et al., 1986; Parsons e
Erence in visualizing punctate versus diffuse structures, the intensity settings were not the same for cells treated with DMSO versus 1 M GCA. Using the same settings, GM130 could not be visualized in the 1 M GCA-treated cells without saturating the GM130 in the DMSO-treated cells. Results shown are representative of two experiments in which cells were incubated in the presence of drugs for 16 h a
Led into full-length sequences using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-like process (Stemmer, 1994). In directed evolution, the cap genes from multiple AAV serotypes are fragmented, reannealed using a primerless PCR reaction, and then in a second PCR reaction are assembled into full-length chimeric cap genes. Chimeric viral libraries produced in this manner can then be administered systemically, t
Tion can then be used to serve the covalent attachment of protein to thesupport. The physical means of freeing the protein from the streptavidin complex is unique to those proteins having a terminal alkyne because only those adducts bearing the alkyne are linked to the photolabile group by click chemistry. The photochemical reaction applied is the benzoin photocleavage first studied by Sheehan (26
S containing healthy dinoflagellates remained free of either marker. Studies of the anemone A. pulchella have generated further evidence, by tracking the location of Rab GTPases, that phagosomal maturation and endosomal trafficking (described in Appendix 1) are altered by the presence of Symbiodinium cells in phagosomes (see Appendix 1). First, cnidarian orthologs to human Rab5 and -7 were sequenc
S containing healthy dinoflagellates remained free of either marker. Studies of the anemone A. pulchella have generated further evidence, by tracking the location of Rab GTPases, that phagosomal maturation and endosomal trafficking (described in Appendix 1) are altered by the presence of Symbiodinium cells in phagosomes (see Appendix 1). First, cnidarian orthologs to human Rab5 and -7 were sequenc
Ogenized and centrifuged at 1000 g, and the supernatant was removed. For measurement of forskolinstimulated cAMP in lysate, we added 100 ?00 g of tissue to incubation buffer containing 50 mM ATP, 30 M IBMX, and 5 mM creatine phosphate with and without forskolin (50 M). We incubated the mixture for 10 min at 37 in a water bath and stopped the reaction by adding 5 TCA, which was subsequently extra
S the same as sensitivity to dilution or drugs). The mistaken gestalt that sometimes comes to mind is that a stable microtubule is necessarily stiffer or less mobile than a labile microtubule. Some proteins that stabilize microtubules could also make them stiffer or less mobile, but this is not always true. For example, a microtubule could be stable but not as stiff as a microtubule that is labile