In Gc pathogenesis remain to be examined. The gonococcal -2,3-sialyltransferase Lst transfers sialyl groups from host-derived CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal galactose residue on the oligosaccharide of LOS (Gilbert et al., 1996). Sialylation contributes to Gc resistance to normal human serum as well as PMN-derived oxygen-independent antimicrobial factors (Shafer et al., 1986; Parsons e
Erence in visualizing punctate versus diffuse structures, the intensity settings were not the same for cells treated with DMSO versus 1 M GCA. Using the same settings, GM130 could not be visualized in the 1 M GCA-treated cells without saturating the GM130 in the DMSO-treated cells. Results shown are representative of two experiments in which cells were incubated in the presence of drugs for 16 h a
Led into full-length sequences using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-like process (Stemmer, 1994). In directed evolution, the cap genes from multiple AAV serotypes are fragmented, reannealed using a primerless PCR reaction, and then in a second PCR reaction are assembled into full-length chimeric cap genes. Chimeric viral libraries produced in this manner can then be administered systemically, t
Tion can then be used to serve the covalent attachment of protein to thesupport. The physical means of freeing the protein from the streptavidin complex is unique to those proteins having a terminal alkyne because only those adducts bearing the alkyne are linked to the photolabile group by click chemistry. The photochemical reaction applied is the benzoin photocleavage first studied by Sheehan (26
S containing healthy dinoflagellates remained free of either marker. Studies of the anemone A. pulchella have generated further evidence, by tracking the location of Rab GTPases, that phagosomal maturation and endosomal trafficking (described in Appendix 1) are altered by the presence of Symbiodinium cells in phagosomes (see Appendix 1). First, cnidarian orthologs to human Rab5 and -7 were sequenc
S containing healthy dinoflagellates remained free of either marker. Studies of the anemone A. pulchella have generated further evidence, by tracking the location of Rab GTPases, that phagosomal maturation and endosomal trafficking (described in Appendix 1) are altered by the presence of Symbiodinium cells in phagosomes (see Appendix 1). First, cnidarian orthologs to human Rab5 and -7 were sequenc
Ogenized and centrifuged at 1000 g, and the supernatant was removed. For measurement of forskolinstimulated cAMP in lysate, we added 100 ?00 g of tissue to incubation buffer containing 50 mM ATP, 30 M IBMX, and 5 mM creatine phosphate with and without forskolin (50 M). We incubated the mixture for 10 min at 37 in a water bath and stopped the reaction by adding 5 TCA, which was subsequently extra
Affect quantification accuracy in some cell types, we investigated arginine to proline conversion in KM12 cells. By adding heavy proline as a variable modification, less than 2 of proline-containing peptides were heavy labeled in KM12 cells, which has been reported not to affect significantly SILAC quantification (25). Western Blot--For Western blot, conditioned media from KM12C and KM12SM CRC ce