Used acyclovir or valacyclovir during study follow-up.HSV-2 prevalenceOf the 2,499 participants, 1383 (55.3 ) tested negative for HSV-2 at baseline, 892 (35.7 ) tested positive, 223 (8.9 ) had indeterminate tests, and one test was not done. Of the 223 with indeterminate tests at baseline, 114 (51.1 ) tested positive for HSV-2 infection at some point during follow-up. Factors associated with testin
D ,25 years (7.1 per 100 person-years) and the lowest rate among participants aged 40 years (1.6 per 100 person-years; P trend = 0.001). Country of residence was also associated with HSV-2 incidence, with theDaily Oral FTC/TDF PrEP and HSV-2 among MSMthere were 72 ulcer AEs classified as Grade 2 or above, with 43 participants (4.3 ) having 1 ulcer AE. Among the 72 ulcer AEs, 23 (31.9 ) were conf
Nt HSV-2 infection in iPrEx was receptive anal intercourse without a condom, a finding that has been reported in several studies of behavioral risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition in MSM. [18,19,20] The rectal mucosa and cervicovaginal mucosa may differ in their susceptibility to HSV-2 infection. Additionally, although oral dosing of tenofovir achieves drug concentrations that are 20?00 times higher
Cell counts (Fig. 1a) and CD4 : CD8 T cell ratio (Fig. 1a), but not correlated with viral load (Fig. 1c). Positive correlation was observed between sCD40L plasma levels and T cell immune activation defined by co-expression of CD38/HLA-DR on CD4 and CD8 T cells (Fig. 1d,e), as well as IDO-mRNA expression in ARTnaive patients ([7] and Fig. 1f). However, no correlation was observed between sCD40L and
Cell counts (Fig. 1a) and CD4 : CD8 T cell ratio (Fig. 1a), but not correlated with viral load (Fig. 1c). Positive correlation was observed between sCD40L plasma levels and T cell immune activation defined by co-expression of CD38/HLA-DR on CD4 and CD8 T cells (Fig. 1d,e), as well as IDO-mRNA expression in ARTnaive patients ([7] and Fig. 1f). However, no correlation was observed between sCD40L and
T among participants living in Peru (46.0 ), Brazil (37.8 ), and Ecuador (37.3 ), with lower prevalence among participants living in Thailand (6.4 ), South Africa (17.6 ), and the United States (27.1 ; P,0.001). Randomization group was not associated with HSV-2 prevalence at baseline (P = 0.44). In multivariable analysis, all factors remained significantly associated with HSV-2 prevalence with the
T among participants living in Peru (46.0 ), Brazil (37.8 ), and Ecuador (37.3 ), with lower prevalence among participants living in Thailand (6.4 ), South Africa (17.6 ), and the United States (27.1 ; P,0.001). Randomization group was not associated with HSV-2 prevalence at baseline (P = 0.44). In multivariable analysis, all factors remained significantly associated with HSV-2 prevalence with the
Ociated with living with?2010 Mbonu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Mbonu et al. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:334 http://www.b