To certain infections: 26 (n = 22) of Finnish patients with recurrent respiratory infections vs.14 (n = 10) of healthy controls (p = 0.048) had C4A deficiency. Not unexpectedly, 50 of the patients with C4A deficiency had MBL concentrations .1.5 mg/ml, the mean human MBL serum concentration but notably, more than one-third had very high MBL levels (.4 mg/ ml). Further clinical studies are requir
To certain infections: 26 (n = 22) of Finnish patients with recurrent respiratory infections vs.14 (n = 10) of healthy controls (p = 0.048) had C4A deficiency. Not unexpectedly, 50 of the patients with C4A deficiency had MBL concentrations .1.5 mg/ml, the mean human MBL serum concentration but notably, more than one-third had very high MBL levels (.4 mg/ ml). Further clinical studies are requir
Particles mixed withFigure 8. Proposed model of MBL-mediated macropinocytosis of EBOV. MBL carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) bind to highly glycosylated mucin-rich regions of EBOV GP and the MBL-virion complex is presented to the cell surface. Then MBL binds to cognate cellular receptors, such as C1QBP or calreticulin [6] via MBL collagenous stalks. In this manner, MBL concentrates virus at t
Ributed to the expansion in access to services for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the primary route of HIV acquisition in children. Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately represented in the epidemic with 69 of the global total of people living with HIV (UNAIDS 2012). An estimated 90 of the world's children living with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. At the end of 2011, 54 of
In part, the evolutionary selection of MBL mutant haplotypes that encode low or intermediate MBL serum levels in the majority of humans.Supporting InformationFigure S1 RhMBL enhances HIV-EBOV GP infection in a calcium-dependent manner. We preincubated HIVEBOV-GP virion-like particles with rhMBL in 5 MBL-deficient serum and Veronal-buffered saline with or without calcium supplementation. *, ** and
In part, the evolutionary selection of MBL mutant haplotypes that encode low or intermediate MBL serum levels in the majority of humans.Supporting InformationFigure S1 RhMBL enhances HIV-EBOV GP infection in a calcium-dependent manner. We preincubated HIVEBOV-GP virion-like particles with rhMBL in 5 MBL-deficient serum and Veronal-buffered saline with or without calcium supplementation. *, ** and
Exposed to autoradiography film. High-mannose moieties were preserved only in untreated virus confirming that PNGase F and endo H effectively cleaved high-mannose residues on GPs of HIV-EBOV virion-like particles. (EPS) Figure S4 Thermolysin treatment of HIV-EBOV GP abrogates enhancement of infection by rhMBL in a thermolysin-concentration dependent manner. We preincubated HIV-EBOV GP virion-like
Ge activity .500 U/mL (13/21 vs 1/ 14, p,0.005) compared with MBL2 O/O or O/A haplotypes (O refers to B,C or D alleles). (EPS) Figure S3 Endoglycosidases cleave N-linked glycans in HIV-EBOV GP. We preincubated HIV-EBOZ GP virion-like particles (12,000 pg/ml) with PNGase F or endo H (10,000 U/ml each) diluted in DMEM or with DMEM alone for 1 hour at 37uC. Viruses then underwent gel electrophoresis;