http://64188.org/story.php?title=closure-but-leptospira-presence-may-be-sensed-through-tlr4-and-tlr-5 Closure, but Leptospira presence may be sensed through TLR4 and TLR2 receptors [76]. It is well known that LPS from Gram-negative bacteria activates the TLR4 signaling cascade. Paradoxically, L. interrogans LPS binds both CD14 and TLR2 but does not generate intracellular signaling through TLR4 activation [77]. The lipid A from Leptospira LPS apparently stimulates mouse cells through the TLR4-MD2 c Tue, 18 Apr 2023 19:52:41 UTC en