Owed a direct correlation between microglial activation/infection and cognitive decline [19]. Studies have found microglial HIV infection as central in exacerbating HIV dementia [20,21]. Importantly, neuronal dysfunction and death in HIV infection results from cytokine stimulation, but especially several cytokine-mediated apoptotic mechanisms emanating from microglia. Thus microglial cytokine prod

D States, (Continued)HIV testing history: Never tested Tested at leastD States, (Continued)HIV testing

Tance use), and immunologic measures in plasma and CSF. 2. Materials and methods Northwestern University Institutional Review Board approved this investigation, which was conducted in compliance with U.S. federalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.012 2213-1582/?2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.or

Ignificantly longer lives. While HAART has been increasing the lifespan of those infected with HIV, it has also led to an increased prevalence of HAD [32-38]. As the pathology of HAD, like Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is commonly characterized by an increase in the amount of amyloid-beta (Ab) peptide in the brain [39], evidence suggesting microglia modulate the clearance of potentially neurotoxic Ab

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