The European society of cardiology: developed in collaboration with the heart failure association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2012, 14:803?69. Rose GA, Blackburn H: Cardiovascular survey methods. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1982. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al: Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American society

Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002, 360:1631?639. Rutten FH, Grobbee DE, Hoes AW: Differences between general practitioners and cardiologists in diagnosis and management of heart failure: a survey in every-day practice. Eur J Heart Fail 2003, 5:337?44. Rostagno C, Olivo G, Comeglio M, Boddi V, Banchelli M, Galanti G, et al: Prognostic value of 6-minute walk corridor test in patients

Rt TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA, et al: Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009, 22:107?33. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories: ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:111?17. Rutten FH, Walma EP, Kruizinga GI, Ba

Es would most likely not have been affected. The measures of immune activation were not assessed at enrollment into the study cohort, and we therefore cannot make temporal inferences of a causal nature nor could we control for them in the multivariable Cox models. We used prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) to estimate the associations of interest as risk was our parameter of interest. We chose PRRs as

Nt populations [6,7]. Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) provide a potential framework for DAART because patients visit multiple times each week to receive opioid agonist medication. Moreover, maintenance treatment at OTPs permits prolonged DAART, which is difficult in models based on outreach workers. Based on promisingDirectly Administered Therapy for HIVFigure 1. Study screening, enrollment, and

Nt populations [6,7]. Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) provide a potential framework for DAART because patients visit multiple times each week to receive opioid agonist medication. Moreover, maintenance treatment at OTPs permits prolonged DAART, which is difficult in models based on outreach workers. Based on promisingDirectly Administered Therapy for HIVFigure 1. Study screening, enrollment, and

Lications, even after controlling for CD4+ Tcell level, sex, and older age. Chronic inflammation is thought to be associated with CD4+ T-cell depletion and higher levels of immune activation.[21,26] Similarly, HCV coinfection remained significantly associated with a higher prevalence of complications when individual immune activation markers were controlled for. This study found that HCV coinfecte

Lications, even after controlling for CD4+ Tcell level, sex, and older age. Chronic inflammation is thought to be associated with CD4+ T-cell depletion and higher levels of immune activation.[21,26] Similarly, HCV coinfection remained significantly associated with a higher prevalence of complications when individual immune activation markers were controlled for. This study found that HCV coinfecte